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(See figure 11.) At a height of 50 feet, for example,
the distance to the horizon is about 16,000 yards
(8 miles); at a height of 100 feet, the distance is
about 23,000 yards (11-1/2 miles). Practice estimating
ranges to other vessels in company whose distances
are known or can be easily determined. If your
ship does much formation steaming, you will become
pretty good at judging distances such as 500, 1,000,
and 2,000 yards. Until you become proficient at
estimating distances, use such phrases as “close
aboard,” “on the horizon,” “hull down,” and
so forth. (See figure 12.)
HULL UP
—The ship is in from the
horizon.
HULL DOWN
—The ship is over the
horizon. Only a part of
the superstructure can
be seen, but the hull is
not yet visible on the
horizon.
ON THE HORIZON —The waterline of the
ship's hull appears to be
on or near the horizon.
CLOSE ABOARD
—The contact reported is
extremely close to own
ship.
In addition to ranges and range references given,
any geographic references available can be used to aid
the bridge and CIC in locating the ship sighted. Fixed
objects such as buoys, small islands, coves, bridges,
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