5. Increased industrial activity 6.  After  a  serious  mishap TYPES OF SAFETY TRAINING Safety training is accomplished through on-the-job training, general military training, indoctrination training, formal safety courses, safety standdowns, and safety surveys.  The command training officer schedules required safety training, such as GMT and indoctrination.  This  training  then  becomes  part  of  the command  training  plan.  Safety  professionals  and  safety supervisors must attend formal safety courses as part of their  assignment.  Safety  standdowns  consist  of  periods, usually of 1 or 2 days, of intensive safety training and awareness. On-the-Job  Training Training, cross-training, and qualifying for specific skills require the use of proper safety precautions. Safety precautions  are  a  part  of  all  standard  operating procedures  (SOP). By monitoring safety precautions during routine work situations, you can detect unsafe practices. Once detected,  you  can  take  immediate  action  by  providing training  to  correct  those  practices. Monitoring of on-the-job safety practices serves as an  evaluation  of  the  training  provided  by  supervisory personnel. It checks the effectiveness of training in all aspects  of  everyday  life  aboard  your  command.  Those aspects  include  the  planned  maintenance  system  (PMS), weapons  systems  operations,  damage  control,  fire fighting,  and  general  housekeeping.  Mishap  trends  also help  target  needed  mishap  prevention  training. General  Military  Training Routine,  shipboard  general  military  training  (GMT) must  include  safety  topics.  Aboard  ship,  the  Planning Board  for  Training  meets  periodically  to  schedule training and ship’s evolutions. The safety officer must ensure safety topics, especially the topic of required annual safety training, are included in the command training plan. General military training (GMT) can be accomplished  through  video  tapes,  stand-up  lectures, drills, or a combination of methods. Training should be monitored  and  documented.  Ashore,  military  personnel should also receive safety topic training as part of their regularly  scheduled  GMT. Indoctrination Training All new workers or sailors receive some type of indoctrination  training  to  help  them  become  familiar with  their  new  job.  Aboard  ship,  that  is  accomplished through Indoctrination Division, School-of-the-Ship, or submarine  Phase  I  training.  New  worker  indoctrination must  include  safety  topics. OPNAVINST  5100.23C  and  OPNAVINST 5100.19B   require   indoctrination   training   on   the command’s   overall   NAVOSH   Program.   Federal Hazard Communication Standard training is required for all shore personnel who will be in contact with hazardous   materials.   Aboard   surface   ships, indoctrination  training  is  required  on  back  injury prevention,  gas-free  engineering,  electrical  safety,  the tag-out  program,  and  the  radiation  safety  program. Formal  Safety  Courses A variety of formal safety courses are provided for Navy  safety  professionals.  All  safety  officers  and one-half the safety petty officers assigned aboard ship must take part in formal safety training. Civilian safety managers must attend formal courses and refresher training.  OPNAVINST  5100.23C  and  OPNAVINST 5100.19B  provide  course  requirements.  The  Naval Safety School in Norfolk, Virginia, provides numerous shore safety courses. Fleet Training Centers in Norfolk and San Diego conduct safety supervisor and hazardous material training. The Surface Warfare Officer School in  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  presents  the  Afloat  Safety Officer course. Submarine training facilities in Norfolk and Pearl Harbor conduct the Submarine Safety Officer course. Safety Standdowns In 1989, in response to a rash of Navy mishaps, the Chief  of  Naval  Operations  called  for  a  Navywide  safety standdown. A safety standdown is a period, usually of 1 or 2 days, set aside for safety training, awareness, and drills. Type commander instructions require afloat units to conduct safety standdowns at least once a year, while yearly standdowns are recommended to other units. Shore  commands  may  also  take  part  in  safety standdowns. A standdown may be called any time the command notes a particular safety problem or wants to reemphasize safety on a specific topic. For example, if a command has a serious mishap, it may have personnel take part in a safety standdown for a morning instead of working.  Personnel  may  then  review  the  events  leading to the mishap and discuss the lessons learned. 1-16