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launcher  for  Sea  Sparrow  missiles,  one  ASROC launcher,  and  two  Mk  32  triple-torpedo  tubes. They    also    have    full    helicopter    facilities    to accommodate   the   light   airborne   multipurpose system  (LAMPS).  The  Spruance-class  destroyers were  the  first  large  U.S.  warships  to  use  gas- turbine  propulsion.  The  propulsion  system  was selected because of its smaller space requirements, rapid    replacement    capability,    and    cold-start capability. (The engines can go from “cold iron” to full power in 12 minutes.) Guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) of the Coontz class   were   formerly   designated   frigates.   They displace  5,800  tons  fully  loaded.  Each  of  these ships  has  one  5"/54-caliber gun  mount,  one  twin- Terrier    surface-to-air    launcher,    one    ASROC launcher, and two Mk 32 triple-torpedo tubes. DDGs of the Charles F. Adams class (fig. 19-6) are considered excellent multipurpose ships. They displace 4,500 tons fully loaded. Each ship has one ASROC  launcher,  two  Mk  32  triple-torpedo  tube mounts,  and  two  5"/54-caliber  gun  mounts. Some of  the  ships  are  equipped  with  one  twin-  or  one single-Tartar   surface-to-air   missile   launcher.   A few   of   the   ships   have   one   multiple-Chaparral missile launcher. FRIGATES.   —The   U.S.   Navy   adopted   the classification “frigate” (FF) for ships used for open- ocean    escort    and    patrol.    When    they    were developed   during   World   War   II,   frigates   were classified as destroyer escorts (Des). Frigates   resemble   destroyers   in   appearance; but they are slower, have only a single screw, and carry less armament. FFs have grown in size from about 1,500 tons displacement to over 4,000  tons, as  in  the  Knox  class  (FF-1052).  Their  armament varies   from   class   to   class.   The   Oliver   Hazard Perry (FFG-7) class (fig. 19-7.) has a single 76-mm, 62-caliber, dual-purpose gun; a 20-mm Vulcan/Phalanx  rapid-fire  gun;  a  single  launcher for    Harpoon    missiles;    two    SH-2H    LAMPS helicopters; and two Mk 32 triple-torpedo tubes. The Knox class (fig. 19-8) has one Sea Sparrow missile  launcher,  one  5"/54-caliber  gun,  one  20- mm  Vulcan/Phalanx  gun,  one  ASROC  launcher, and  four  MK  32  fixed  torpedo  tubes.  The  Knox class  also  has  facilities  for  one  SH-2H  LAMPS helicopter. Submarines The basic designation SS indicates a submarine that  is  a  conventional  (diesel-powered)  ship.  The letter  N   following   the   basic   designation   (SSN) indicates  a  submarine  with  nuclear  propulsion. The  letter  B  (SSB)  indicates  a  submarine  with ballistic  missiles  and  nonnuclear  propulsion.  The letters   BN   (SSBN)   indicate   a   submarine   with ballistic missiles and nuclear propulsion. The   mission   of   nuclear   attack   submarines (SSNs)  is  to  locate  and  destroy  enemy  ships  and submarines.   They   also   act   as   scouts,   deliver supplies   and   personnel   to   locations   in   enemy territory, and perform rescue missions. Fleet 3.77 Figure 19-6.-Guided-missile destroyer USS Goldsborough (DDG-20) of the Charles F. Adams class. 19-8

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