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live basic elements. You must have a complete understanding of each element and its purpose
in the lesson topic to be able to teach the knowledge and skills identified by the learning
objectives.
The elements and instructor actions are as follows:
n Introduction
n Presentation
n Review and summary
n Application
n Assignment
Introduction
The introduction is one of the most crucial elements of the lesson. During the introduction,
you introduce yourself and the topic, state the learning objectives, make motivating statements,
and provide a topic overview. As a part of the motivating statement, you should explain why
the students need to learn the material and how they will apply it on the job. Besides telling
students how and why the lesson is important, you must show your own motivation and
enthusiasm toward the information. From the students’ perspective, the introduction builds
emotional involvement, arouses interest, promotes motivation, builds a sense of purpose, and
focuses attention on the subject matter.
Presentation
The presentation element is the main body of the lesson. It is when you teach and otherwise
explain the objectives of the lesson. Properly prepared and taught, the presentation serves to
build student understanding of facts, procedures, rules, and principles.
Review and Summary
The review and summary element of the lesson provides you with an opportunity to
summarize the topic’s major points.
You review the lesson to reinforce learning and to get
valuable feedback on what learning has taken place.
To get this feedback, you must ask
questions that require your students to think and to respond beyond the recall level of learning.
Application
This element enables the student to apply the knowledge to a physical or mental skill. It
allows students to practice their skills, use the material they have learned, and get feedback
about their knowledge and skill. You evaluate the students’ performance as they perform the
skill. You provide reinforcement and feedback to each student by pointing out student errors
and suggesting how to correct them. The application element is used with topics teaching a
skill.
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