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Page Title: The Learning Senses -Continued
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sight   and   sound   together   is   overwhelming. Just   as   with   sight   impairments,   you   must accommodate   students   with   hearing   impairments.   Your   speech   patterns   and   volume   are   critical classroom   learning   factors. The  sense  of  touch,  while  important  in  itself,  becomes  a  major  learning  factor  when  combined with   other   senses.   Children   do   not   associate   the   word   “hot”   with   anything   in   particular   until they   associate   the   word   with   their   sense   of   touch.   Through   experience,   we   become   sensitive   to temperature,  pressure,  and  the  overall  feel  of  things. For   instance,   an   experienced   engineer doesn’t  need  a  temperature  gauge  to  determine  if  a  bearing  is  running  hot,  just  as  an  experienced damage  control  investigator  doesn’t  need  one  to  decide  that  the  temperature  of  a  watertight door   is   above   normal. The  senses  of  taste  and  smell  may  not  seem  important  in  Navy  training.  In  many  cases  they aren’t. Consider   if   you   will,   though,   the   importance   of   taste   to   the   training   of   cooks   and bakers.  The  sense  of  smell,  which  is  closely  associated  with  taste,  is  very  strong  and  primitive in   nature. It  is  part  of  our  human  warning  system. For   example,   electricians   immediately recognize  the  smell  of  burning  insulation.  Others  become  sensitive  to  the  smell  of  various  gases. Therefore,   the   sense   of   smell   is   a   valuable   learning   tool   in   certain   narrow   applications. Although  it  is  not  normally  identified  as  one  of  the  senses,  the  phenomenon  of  kinesthesia  is an  extension  of  sensory  learning.  Think  of  it  as  a  sensory  perception  residing  in  one’s  muscles, joints,  and  tendons  that  gives  people  a  special  awareness  of  their  spatial  relationship  with  their surroundings. Kinesthesia   is   actually   a   blend   of   all   senses   with   psychomotor   and   perceptual skills.  It  manifests  itself  in  people’s  ability  to  balance  or  move  with  coordination. Remember,  students  develop  their  skills  through  practice. You   cannot   realistically   expect students  in  a  welding  class  to  have  the  coordination  to  weld  the  back  side  of  a  pipe  in  the overhead   while   using   a   mirror   without   some   practice   to   develop   that   skill. Retention,  with  respect  to  sensory  learning,  is  open  to  many  interpretations  and  opinions. It  has  been  estimated  that  people  retain  only  10  percent  of  what  they  read,  20  percent  of  what they  hear,  and  30  percent  of  what  they  see.  When  those  senses  are  combined,  however,  retention takes  a  dramatic  leap  forward.  Those  same  estimates  tell  us  that  when  someone  hears  and  sees, retention  jumps  to  50  percent. That   makes   a   great   argument   for   incorporating   appropriate audiovisual   media   into   your   teaching.   By  asking  proper  questions  to  augment  sight  and  sound to   stimulate   thinking,   you   can   push   student   retention   close   to   the   70   percent   level.   Requiring students  to  use  all  of  their  senses  in  skill  training  along  with  procedural  steps  and  principles  can increase  their  retention  to  as  much  as  90  percent.  That  implies  a  fair  degree  of  mastery  learning. COMMON   CHARACTERISTICS   OF   STUDENTS Even   though   each   individual   is   different   in   some   way   from   every   other   individual,   the majority   of   your   students   share   certain   common   characteristics.   Your   knowledge   and understanding   of   these   characteristics   can   help   you   make   more   intelligent   judgments   and decisions  about  training,  especially  in  the  counseling  and  tutoring  areas. One  characteristic  students  share  is  their  belief  in  their  maturity.  Your  students  want  to  be treated  as  adults.  Appeal  to  that  desire  for  maturity  by  holding  them  accountable  for  their 26

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