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Page Title: The Standard Element
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THE   STANDARD   ELEMENT The   standard   specifies   the   criteria   the   students’   performance   must   meet.   Standards   are normally  defined  as  time,  accuracy,  quantity,  speed,  or  some  other  quantifiable  measurement. As  with  the  condition  element,  whether  the  standard  element  appears  in  the  objective  depends on   how   critical   it   is   to   determining   the   students’   accomplishment   of   the   objective.   If   you   must measure   student   accomplishment   against   some   criteria,   then   the   learning   objective   will   include the  standard  element.  If  not  included,  the  standard  is  assumed  to  be  100  percent.  Examples  of standards   are   as   follows: . . .  40   words   per   minute. . . .  plus   or   minus   one   gram. . . .  without   error. TYPES   OF   LEARNING   OBJECTIVES There  are  several  types  of  objectives  you  may  encounter  due  to  different  terminology  between various  development  approaches.  The  types  you  are  most  likely  to  find,  however,  are  course, terminal,   topic,   and   enabling   objectives. Course   Learning   Objectives   (CLOs).   CLOs   reflect   the   specific   skills   and   knowledge   required in  a  job.  The  CLOs  serve  as  a  guide  for  learning  and  as  a  guide  for  teaching.  They  also  serve as   a   guide   for   the   instructor   in   measuring   student   performance   and   in   duplicating   job requirements  in  the  training  environment. Topic   Learning   Objectives   (TLOs).   TLOs   support   course   learning   objectives.   They   state performance   (behaviors),   conditions,   and   standards   for   knowledge   and   skills   students   must acquire  as  a  result  of  satisfactorily  completing  the  topic. Terminal  Objectives  (TOs).  A  terminal  objective  is  a  specific  statement  of  the  performance expected  from  a  student  as  the  result  of  training.  It  expresses  the  behavior  to  be  exhibited,  the condition(s)  under  which  it  is  to  be  exhibited,  and  the  standard  to  which  it  will  be  performed. TOs  directly  support  the  course  mission  statement. Enabling  Objectives  (EOs).  An  enabling  objective  is  a  specific  statement  of  the  behavior  to be  exhibited,  condition(s)  under  which  it  is  to  be  exhibited,  and  the  standard  to  which  it  will  be performed.   Enabling   objectives   contain   conditions   and   standards   appropriate   to   the   training environment,  including  knowledge  and  skills  that  support  a  terminal  objective. CONSTRUCTION   OF   LEARNING   OBJECTIVES Although  the  writing  of  learning  objectives  is  not  difficult,  it  can  present  a  challenge. Developers   must   determine   the   desired   learning   outcomes   and   the   conditions   under   which   the student   must   perform. They  must  also  decide  how  to  determine  when  a  student  has satisfactorily   met   the   training   requirement.   After   that,   the   information   is   converted   into   words that   convey   the   message. Remember   the   following   information   about   the   construction   of 69

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