OPNAVINST 5100.21B provides detailed proce- dures and report formats for afloat mishap investigation and  reporting. Although  safety  professionals  were  assigned  to  type commander  staffs,  no  primary  duty  safety  officers served  within  the  chain  of  command  between  the  safety professionals  and  the  ships.  Beginning  in  1991,  primary duty  safety  officers  were  assigned  to  readiness squadrons and group staffs. Primary duty safety officer billets were also added to fast combat support ships (AOEs). Other large ships already had primary duty safety  officers.  Ships  with  a  crew  of  less  than  500 personnel were to assign a collateral duty safety officer. All  of  these  assignments  provided  continuity  and assistance throughout the chain of command for safety issues. During the period following 1991, safety training needed to be upgraded. New directives and emphasis on safety  required  a  safety  officer  to  have  more  in-depth knowledge and capabilities. Therefore, the CNO tasked NAVSAFECEN  to  develop  a  10-day  afloat  safety officer  course,  now  presented  by  Surface  Warfare Officer  School  in  Newport,  Rhode  Island. In 1992, NAVSAFECEN developed a 4-day sub- marine  safety  officer  course,  now  presented  by  the submarine training facility in Norfolk, Virginia, and the Naval Submarine Training Center in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.  The  course  for  safety  petty  officers  offered  at fleet training centers was upgraded from 4 to 5 days and expanded  to  include  additional  safety  skills.  Afloat safety  training  was  also  added  to  many  surface  warfare officer  courses,  enlisted  “A”  and  “C”  schools,  and recruit training. When   afloat   mishaps   occur,   accurate   mishap investigation  and  reporting  serves  to  prevent  mishap recurrence.  We  derive  our  general  safety  mishap investigation  and  reporting  procedures  from  DOD Instruction 6055.7, Mishap Investigation, Reporting, and Recordkeeping. We discussed mishap investigation procedures  in  chapter  4.  Investigative  procedures  are similar  no  matter  where  the  mishap  occurs.  What mishaps are reportable and the procedures used to report mishaps are different for afloat, ashore, and aviation mishaps.   OPNAVINST   5100.21B,   Afloat  Mishap Investigation  and  Reporting,  provides  specific reporting  procedures  for  those  mishaps  occurring aboard  surface  ships  and  submarines. DODINST  6055.7  provides  for  the  various  mishap categories  and  types  of  reports.  The  “class”  of  mishap is determined by the cost of damage and extent of injury or fatality. The reports are classified as either a General Use Mishap Report or Limited Use Mishap Report. We define an afloat mishap as any mishap caused by DOD operations resulting in injury, work-related illness, or death to embarked DOD military or civilian personnel. An afloat mishap also includes material loss or damage occurring on board all afloat U.S. Navy units and   their   embarked   craft.   Shipboard   mishap investigation and reporting procedures apply to mishaps occurring  on  board  all  U.S.  Navy  vessels  and  their embarked  or  leased  craft. AFLOAT REPORTABLE MISHAPS The categories of reportable afloat mishaps are as follows: Class A Mishap. Reportable damage of a total cost of $1,000,000 or more or any injury or work-related illness resulting in death or permanent total disability. All Class A mishaps require investigation by a mishap investigation board and the submission of a Mishap Investigation Report (MIR). OPNAVINST 5100.21B provides  the  MIr  format. Class  B  Mishap.  Reportable  property  damage  of a  total  cost  of  $200,000  or  more,  but  less  than $1,000,000; an injury or work-related illness resulting in permanent, partial disability; or a mishap resulting in the hospitalization of five or more people. A Class B mishap requires the submission of a Mishap Report (MR)   to   the   Naval   Safety   Center.   OPNAVINST 5100.21B provides the MR format. Class  C  Mishap.  Reportable  property  damage  of a total cost $10,000 or more, but less than $200,000; or an injury preventing an individual from performing regularly scheduled duty or work beyond the day or shift on which the mishap occurred; or a nonfatal illness or disability causing loss of time from work or disability at any time (lost time case). A Class C is only reportable in an MR under the following conditions: –  The  total  cost  of  reportable  property  damage is $10,000 or more, but less than $200,000. – It results in an injury preventing an individual from performing regularly scheduled duty or work 5 days beyond the day or shift on which the  mishap  occurred. Special Case Mishaps. For data collection and analysis  purposes,  the  following  special  case  mishaps are reportable to the NAVSAFECEN in an MR: 7-11