clear   any   participation by   an   expert. Ordinarily,  counsel  is  not  appointed  for  an investigation not requiring a hearing, although a  judge  advocate  is  often  made  available  to help   the   IO   with   any   legal   problems   or questions  that  may  arise. APPOINTING   ORDER An  investigation  not  requiring  a  hearing  is convened   by   a   written   order   called   an appointing   order.    An  officer  in  command  is responsible  for  initiating  investigations  of incidents  occurring  within  his  or  her  command or  involving  his  or  her  personnel. An  appointing  order  must  be  in  official letter  form,  addressed  to  the  IO  of  the one-officer    investigation. When   circum- stances  warrant,  an  investigation  may  be convened   by   an   oral   or   message   order.   The IO   must   include confirmation   of   oral investigative  report. The  appointing the   signed, written or  message  orders  in  the order   serves   several purposes.   They   recite   the   specific   purpose(s) of  the  investigation,  give  explicit  instructions as  to  the  scope  of  the  inquiry,  and  direct  the IO  to  the  required  witness  warnings. These  instructions  help  the  IO  accomplish all the objects of the investigation, not just the CA’s   immediate   objectives.   For   example,   the following  case  of  a  vehicle  accident  involving a  member  of  the  naval  service  may  give  rise to  various  concerns  that  include  (1)  the  CA who orders   the   investigation   may   be concerned  whether  local  procedures  regarding the   use   of   government   vehicles   should   be changed  and  whether  disciplinary  action  may be  warranted;  (2)  JAG  may  be  concerned  with a  line  of  duty/misconduct  determination;  and (3)  the  cognizant  naval  legal  service  office (NLSO)  claims  officer  will  be  concerned  with potential claims for or against the government. A   properly   completed   investigation   requires the  IO  to  satisfy  the  special  requirements  for each  of  these  different  determinations. All  fact-finding  bodies  are  required  to make   findings   of   fact. In   the   typical investigation   not   requiring   a   hearing,   the appointing  order  directs  the  IO  to  conduct  a thorough investigation into all the circumstances   connected   with   the   subject incident   and   to   report   findings   of   facts, opinions,  and  recommendations  concerning  the following: l   The   resulting   damage l  The  injuries  to  members  of  the  naval service  and  their  line  of  duty  and  misconduct status l   The   circumstances   attending   the   death of  members  of  the  naval  service l   The   responsibility   for   the   incident under investigation, including any recommended  administrative  or  disciplinary action l  Claims  for  and  against  the  government l  Any  other  specific i n v e s t i g a t i v e requirements  that  are  relevant,  such  as  those contained  in  the  JAGMAN During  the  course  of  the  investigation,  on advice  of  the  investigative  body  or  on  his  or her   own   initiative,   the   CA   may   broaden   or narrow  the  scope  of  the  inquiry  by  issuing supplemental directions amending the appointing  order. Unless   specifically   directed   by   the appointing   order, opinions   or   recommen- dations  are  not  made.  The  CA  may  require recommendations   in   general,   or   in   limited subject areas. The   appointing   order   may   direct   that testimony   or   statements   of   some   or   all witnesses  be  taken  under  oath  and  may  direct that  testimony  of  some  or  all  witnesses  be recorded  verbatim.  When  a  fact-finding  body not  requiring  a  hearing  takes  testimony  or 9-20