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charges against him or her. The accused must also be advised that he or she does not have to make any  statement  regarding  the  offense  of  which accused, but that any statement made may be used as evidence against him or her in a trial by court- martial. No statement obtained through the use of   coercion,   unlawful   influence,   or   unlawful inducement may be used as evidence against the accused. MERITORIOUS AND REQUEST MASTS. Not  all  masts  are  for  disciplinary  purposes.  A meritorious  mast  may  be  held  by  the  commanding officer to give awards or commendations to those persons  who  have  earned  them. Article  1107  of  Navy  Regs  grants  the  right for  any  person  to  communicate  with  the commanding  officer.  You  can’t  just  walk  up  to the captain, however, and start talking. Certain times are set aside by the CO for the purpose of hearing  valid  requests  or  complaints  from  crew members. This practice is called request mast. The person having a request or grievance should first try   to   resolve   the   problem   with   the   division officer.  Failing  that,  the  person  may  request  a mast. Usually, the person will talk to the executive officer   first.   If   the   executive   officer   cannot settle  the  matter,  then  the  person  may  see  the commanding  officer. Courts-martial Based  on  article  16  of  the  UCMJ,  courts- martial are of three types: summary, special, and general.  The  captain  decides  the  type  of  court- martial to award based on the nature, time, and place  of  the  offense. SUMMARY  COURT-MARTIAL  (SCM).   A  summary  court-martial  (SCM)  consists  of  one commissioned  officer.  If  the  commanding  officer is the only officer with the command, that officer acts  as  the  summary  court  officer.  A  summary court can award any sentence that may be given at  mast.  It  can  also  award  the  additional punishments  of  confinement  for  1  month  and hard labor without confinement for 45 days. Any person awarded a summary court-martial will then be  held,  as  appropriate. SPECIAL  COURT-MARTIAL  (SPCM).   A  special  court-martial  (SPCM)  consists  of  not less  than  three  members.  The  accused  can  request that  enlisted  personnel  serve  on  the  court.  In  that event,  enlisted  personnel  make  up  at  least  one- third of the court membership. When a military judge (a qualified lawyer) is detailed to the court, the accused has the right to know the identity of the military judge. The accused also has the right to  consult  with  the  defense  counsel  and  to  request that the court consist of only the military judge. The request must be in writing, submitted before the  court  is  assembled,  and  approved  by  the military  judge.  A  special  court-martial  may  award the same punishment as a summary court, or it may  award  a  more  severe  punishment.  For example,  it  can  award  a  bad  conduct  discharge, confinement for 6 months, loss of two-thirds pay per month for 6 months, and hard labor without confinement  for  3  months. GENERAL  COURT-MARTIAL  (GCM).   A  general  court-martial  (GCM)  consists  of  a military  judge  and  not  less  than  five  members.  As in a special court-martial, the accused may request that enlisted personnel serve on the court. Under the  conditions  described  for  a  special  court,  the accused  may  request  that  the  court  consist  of  only a  military  judge.  A  general  court-martial  can award   any   punishment   not   forbidden   by   the UCMJ,  including   death   when   specifically authorized  for  the  offense. STANDARD   ORGANIZATION   AND REGULATIONS  OF  THE  U.S.  NAVY The Standard  Organization  and  Regulations of the U.S. Navy  (OPNAVINST   3120.32B)   pro- vides  regulations  and  guidance  governing  the conduct of all members of the Navy. This publica- tion  specifies  duties  and  responsibilities  of  per- sonnel  within  a  unit  organization—from  the commanding officer down to the messenger of the watch. The  information  quoted  in  italicized  type  in this  instruction  is  regulatory;  these  regulations apply to each member of the U.S. Navy. Failure to  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  regulatory material  is  punishable  in  accordance  with  the 6-28

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