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(3) through disobedience, neg-
lect, or intentional misconduct
endangers the safety of any such
command, unit, place, or military
property;
(4) casts away his arms or
ammunition;
(5) is guilty of cowardly
conduct;
(6) quits his place of duty to
plunder or pillage;
(7) causes false alarms in any
command, unit, or place under
control of the armed forces;
(8) willfully fails to do his
utmost to encounter, engage, cap-
ture, or destroy any enemy troops,
combatants, vessels, aircraft, or
any other thing, which it is his duty
so to encounter,, engage, capture,
or destroy; or
(9) does not afford all practic-
able relief and assistance to any
troops, combatants, vessels, or air-
craft of the armed forces belong-
ing to the United States or their
allies when engaged in battle;
shall be punished by death or such other
punishment as a court-martial may direct.
Art. 100. Subordinate Compelling Surrender
Any person subject to this code who
compels or attempts to compel the com-
mander of any place, vessel, aircraft, or
other military property, or of any body of
members of the armed forces, to give it up
to an enemy or to abandon it, or who
strikes the colors or flag to an enemy
without proper authority, shall be punished
by death or such other punishment as a
court-martial may direct.
Although these offenses are similar to mutiny,
they do not require concert of action. The com-
pulsion to surrender must be by acts rather than
words. To “strike the colors or flag” is to
surrender. The offense is committed by anyone
subject to the UCMJ who assumes the authority
to surrender a military force or position when that
person is not authorized to do so either by com-
petent authority or by the necessities of battle.
Art. 101. Improper Use of Countersign
Any person subject to this code who in
time of war discloses the parole or counter-
sign to any person not entitled to receive
it or who gives to another who is entitled
to receive and use the parole or counter-
sign a different parole or countersign from
that which, to his knowledge, he was
authorized and required to give, shall be
punished by death or such other punish-
ment as a court-martial may direct.
A “countersign” is a word designated by the
principal headquarters of a command to aid
guards and sentinels in their scrutiny of persons
who apply to pass the lines. It consists of a secret
challenge and a password. A “parole” is a word
used as a check on the countersign; it is imparted
only to those who are entitled to inspect guards
and to commanders of guards.
Art. 102. Forcing a Safeguard
Any person subject to this code who
forces a safeguard shall suffer death or
such other punishment as a court-martial
may direct.
A “safeguard” is a detachment, guard, or
detail posted by a commander. It protects persons,
places, or property of the enemy or of a neutral
affected by the relationship of the opposing forces
in their prosecution of war or during a state of
conflict. The term also includes a written order
left by a commander with an enemy subject or
posted upon enemy property for the protection
of the individual or property concerned. The
effect of a safeguard is a pledge of honor by a
nation that its armed force will respect the person
or property concerned.
Art. 103. Captured or Abandoned Property
(a) All persons subject to this code
shall secure all public property taken from
the enemy for the service of the United
States, and shall give notice and turn over
to the proper authority without delay all
captured or abandoned property in their
possession, custody, or control.
(b) Any person subject to this code
who—
(1) fails to carry out the duties
prescribed in subsection (a);
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