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Page Title: Surface Programs
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AT on a voluntary basis. Annual training for an entire  Selected  Reserve  unit  is  an  ideal  goal, although  it  is  not  always  possible.  When  the members   of   an   entire   unit   train   together,   it enhances  their  ability  to  perform  the  unit’s assigned  mission. While  serving  on  AT,  Reserve  units  receive training and practical experience to maintain skills at   Active   Fleet   standards.   Unit,   team,   and individual  readiness  are  emphasized.  Important team skills may be developed through combined exercises  that  involve  Reserve  and  Active  air, surface,  and  subsurface  groups  in  underway operational  problems  and  exercises. Aviation   Reserve   squadrons   designated   to mobilize  with  their  aircraft  normally  perform  their annual training at a fleet base. The fleet base is under  the  cognizance  of  the  fleet  commander  to whom   the   squadrons   report   when   mobilized. During  this  period  Reserve  squadrons  receive  a modified   fleet   operational   readiness   inspec- tion. In   addition   to   AT,   all   aviation   squadrons periodically   participate   in   fleet   operational exercises  alongside  their  Regular  Navy  counter- parts.  Special  AT  is  granted  for  this  purpose.  This integration  with  fleet  units  combines  training  with actual  support  of  fleet  activities  by  permitting Reserve squadrons to participate in surveillance patrols  and  other  routine  operations. In   addition   to   AT   aboard   ships,   many possibilities  exist  for  training  ashore.  Many stations  ashore  offer  reservists  practical  experience or   study   of   new   procedures   through   formal instruction. When  required  to  perform  AT,  reservists receive   full   pay   and   allowances   plus   travel expenses.  When  performing  AT  on  a  voluntary basis,  reservists  may  or  may  not  receive  pay, travel,  and  allowances,  depending  on  available funds.   However,   members   in   the   Standby Reserve-Active  category  perform  all  AT  without pay  or  other  allowances. SURFACE  PROGRAMS Reserve surface programs include both afloat and   ashore   programs   and   training   systems development. Afloat and ashore programs consist of   the   three   categories   of   Ready   Reserve units  discussed  earlier  as  well  as  volunteer units. The afloat program includes units assigned to surface  combatants,  submarines,  and  service forces.  It  also  includes  units  assigned  to  mine warfare, amphibious   warfare,   and   inshore undersea  warfare  missions. The ashore organization includes construction forces as well as cargo-handling, supply, medical, dental, and security groups. It also includes units involved   in   telecommunications,   law,   public affairs,  and  other  specialties. Naval  Reserve  centers  serve  as  the  primary training  sites  for  most  of  the  surface  Reserve. Naval  Reserve  units  may  use  these  activities entirely for themselves or share them with other military services. Active-duty  officers  and  enlisted  personnel serve  in  full-time  active-duty  assignments  at  each Reserve  center.  The  enlisted  personnel  support  the various  training  programs  and  maintain  the Reserve  centers.  They  work  in  cooperation  with officers  and  petty  officers  of  the  individual  drilling units to help them carry out the training of their own  units. The centers maintain equipment for training in   various   areas   (e.g.,   shops,   radio,   gunnery, damage  control).  They  are  adding  a  new dimension  to  the  surface  training  environment through the installation of shipboard simulators (SBSs).  These  trainers  simulate  various  shipboard functions (command and control, bridge, damage control,  engineering, and   communications) aboard   several   different   ship   types.   Working closely  with  the  Chief  of  Naval  Education  and Training,  surface  Reserve  planners  are  continually upgrading the training capabilities of the Reserve centers. A continuing challenge to the surface Reserve program has been geographic distance of inland units   from   fleet   installations.   Therefore,   in addition to improving on-site training, the Navy and Air Force airlift reservists to their key training platforms  for  inactive-duty  travel  training  (IDTT). Surface  planners,  along  with  the  Chief  of Naval  Operations  (CNO)  and  elements  of  the Active Fleet, are identifying and developing new 15-5

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