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and spar buoys, the shape of the buoy indicates the
correct side on which to pass. Can buoys may
sometimes be referred to as cylindrical and nun buoys
referred to as conical. The term pillar is used to describe
any buoys that is smaller than a lighthouse buoy and
that has a tall, central structure on a broad base.
Lighted buoys in the United States are referred to as
pillar buoys.
Topmarks
The IALA Maritime Buoyage System makes use
of can, nun, spherical, and X-shaped topmarks
only. Topmarks on pillar and spar buoys are
particularly important to indicate the side on which
they will be passed and will be used wherever
practical.
Lights
Where marks are lighted, red and green lights
are reserved for port and starboard or starboard
and port lateral marks. Yellow lights are for
special marks, and white lights are used for other
types of marks.
Phase Characteristics
Lights, when fitted, may have any of the fol-
lowing phase characteristics (or frequency of
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