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danger, safe water, and special. Each will be discussed
briefly here.
1. Lateral marks—indicate the port and starboard
hand sides of channels. Within the Maritime Buoyage
System there are two international buoyage regions
where lateral marks differ.
2. Cardinal marks—used in conjunction with the
compass, indicate that the navigable water lies to the
named side of the mark.
3. Isolated danger marks—erected on, or moored
directly on or over, dangers of limited size.
4. Safe water marks—used to indicate that there
is water safe for navigation all around the position
(examples: midchannel and fairways).
5. Special marks—call attention to an area or
specific feature. Explanation of special marks may be
found on the navigational chart you are using, in
Sailing Directions, or in Coast Pilots.
MEANING OF DISTINGUISHING MARKS
The meaning of the mark depends upon one or
more of the following features:
1. By day—color, shape, and topmark
2. By night—light color and phase characteristics
Color
The colors used for lateral marks in Region A are
red, green, green with one red horizontal band, and
red with one green horizontal band.
The colors used for lateral marks in Region B are
green, red, red with one green horizontal band, and
green with one red horizontal band.
Shape
There are five basic buoy shapes (fig. 23); can, nun,
spherical, pillar, and spar. With the exception of pillar
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