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Page Title: Essay Test Item Test Development
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n    Do  not  make  the  correct  answer  a  “giveaway”  word  that  could  be  guessed  by  students  who do   not   really   know   the   information.   In   addition,   avoid   giving   grammatical   cues   or   other cues   to   the   correct   answer. n   Avoid   using   statements   taken   directly   from   the   curriculum. n  Develop  grading  criteria  that  lists  all  acceptable  answers  to  the  test  item.  Have  subject matter   experts   determine   the   acceptable   answers. ESSAY   TEST   ITEM   DEVELOPMENT The   essay   test   item   requires   the   student   to   answer   a   question   with   an   original   written response.   Use   comprehension   essay   test   items   for   testing   the   student’s   ability   to   organize   data and   express   thoughts   clearly   in   writing.   Do   not   use   them   to   test   recall.   Essay   tests   involve   a relatively   subjective   scoring   process   since   many   factors   may   enter   into   the   correctness   of   a response. The  disadvantage  to  essay  test  items  is  that  they  are  time-consuming  and  difficult  to  score. The  essay  item  must  be  scored  by  an  individual  knowledgeable  in  the  subject  area,  unless  only one   basic   response   is   possible   to   a   given   question   or   requirement, Test   Item   Format You  can  use  an  essay  question  to  assess  learning  of  a  comparatively  large  body  of information,   as   well   as   individual   elements   within   that   body.   Use   the   following   guidelines   for formatting   the   essay   test   item: 9 m Test State  clearly  and  precisely  what  type  of  response  is  required. If  possible,  place  limits  on  the  response  by  identifying  the  major  points  the  students  should address,  the  length  of  the  response  required,  or  time  students  may  spend  on  the  response. EXAMPLE:   Compare   the   gas   turbine   and   the   1200   PSI   propulsion   plants.   Your discussion  should  include  descriptions  of  the  major  components  of  each  system.  Partial credit  will  be  given. Item   Construction The   following   are   examples   of   types   of   information   for   which   you   might   want   to   use   essay test  items: n   A   comparison   or   contrast   of   items   and   procedures. n  A  decision  for  or  against  system  or  equipment  operation. n  Relationships  such  as  causes  and  effects. n   Illustration   (sketch)   of   principles   learned. n  Statement  of  purpose  in  the  selection  of  a  method  or  technique. n  Criticism  of  the  adequacy  or  correctness  of  a  diagram  or  procedure. 82

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