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TOSS—To mix ingredients with a gentle lifting,
circular motion. Usually used for salad ingredients.
TOXIN—A waste product given off by a
microorganism causing contamination of food and
subsequent illness in human beings.
TRICHINOSIS—A foodborne disease transmitted
through pork containing a parasite, “Trichinella
spiralis,” or its larvae, which infects animals.
TRUSS—To bind or fasten together. Usually refers to
poultry.
VACUUM DRYING—Vacuum is applied to food that
causes the air and moisture inside it to expand and
create bubbles (a puffing effect). The puffed
product is then dried leaving a solid fragile mass.
This may be crushed to reduce bulk.
VERMICELLI—(Italian) A pasta or macaroni
product, slightly yellow in color, shaped like
spaghetti, and very thin.
VIENNA BREAD—A hearth-type bread with heavy
crisp crust, sometimes finished with seed topping.
VINAIGRETTE—(French) A mixture of oil and
vinegar seasoned with salt, pepper, and herbs that is
used in sauces and dressings.
VIRUS—A group of submicroscopic organisms that
grow in living tissue and may produce disease in
animals and plants.
Viruses are smaller than
bacteria and will pass through membranes or
filters.
WASH—A liquid mixture brushed on the surface of a
product either before or after baking. It may be
composed of one or more ingredients (water, milk,
starch solution, thin syrup, or eggs).
WELSH RABBIT—(English) A cheese sauce served
with toasted bread or crackers.
WHEY—Liquid remaining after the removal of fat,
casein, and other substances from milk.
WHIP—To beat rapidly to increase volume by
incorporating air; a hand or mechanical beater of
wire construction used to whip materials such as
cream or egg whites to a frothy consistency.
YEAST—A microscopic plant that reproduces by
budding and causes fermentation and the giving off
of carbon dioxide gas; leavening agent.
Y O U N G D O U G H — Y e a s t d o u g h t h a t is
underfermented. This produces a baked product
with a light color, tight grain, and low volume
(heavy).
ZUCCHINI—(Italian) Slender green squash.
ZWIEBACK—A toast made of bread or plain coffee
cake dried in a slow oven.
AII-11
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