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Page Title: Materials Handling Aboard Ship
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use on truck and reefer floors. The 24 wheels in the central  portion  (figure  13-27C)  are  placed  slightly  lower than the wheels at the ends. The wheels at the ends are held in position by springs, which allow them to move on their axles as the load is guided to its destination. The difference in height of the center and end wheels permits a  certain  amount  of  recking  motion  which  aids  in movement and guidance of the pallet load. That is, the tilting effect allows the dolly to turn, and the center wheels (on offset axles) prevent loading of wheels in slatted  floors. MATERIALS HANDLING ABOARD SHIP The  use  of  materials-handling  equipment  aboard ship is dependent upon several factors: type of ship, its physical characteristics, and quantity of material to be moved. On  cargo  ships,  the  primary  method  of  moving material  is  by  cargo  booms.  These  booms  may  be rigged to provide the required lift capability and to reach the required work area. The most common rig is the “yard  and  stay”  which  uses  two  booms  and  two  winches with the two wire ropes (whips) corrected to a single cargo hook. In loading from or to a pier, one boom is positioned over the hold and the other rigged out so that the head of the boom is over the pier. The load may then be picked up on one boom, transferred to the second by taking in on the second whip while paying out the first whip,  and  lowered  from  the  second  boom. Figure  13-28  shows  a  yard  and  stay  rig  with  a suspended  load.  Also  shown  is  one  type  of  hatch  tent. Figure  13-28.-Cargo  booms  with  Seattle  hatch  tent. The Seattle hatch tent may be used to protect personnel and cargo in the hold during inclement weather. A hatch tent provides protection not only from rain or snow but also from the sun during very hot weather. A save-all is a device used to prevent the loss of cargo   overboard   during   loading   or   discharging operations.  The  most  common  type  of  save-all, (shown  in  figure  13-29)  is  a  net  (rope  or  nylon) approximately  15  by  20  feet  or  larger.  Wire  rope  nets and wooden platforms (figure 13-30) may also serve as save-alls. There should be a save-all rigged to each working hatch, and also beneath each brow, skid, or conveyor  if  the  ship  is  loading  or  discharging  through sideports. You can rig a save-all by lashing one side of a net even with the bulwark. Then by securing it to cleats on the deck or bulwark, and securing the bottom of the net to  the  stringer  on  the  pier.  Leave  enough  slack  in  the save-all to allow for the rise and fall of the tide. A  save-all  may  be  improvised  by  lashing  together several  cargo  nets. When  working  light  cargo,  a tarpaulin may serve as a suitable substitute. Figure 13-29.—Rope save-all. Figure  13-30.— Wooden  save-all. 13-13

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