. Individuals may not have possession of classified information  unless  they  have  the  necessary  clearance and a need for the information in the performance of their  duties. l Individuals must be made keenly aware of their moral  and  legal  responsibility  y  for  any  classified  material or  Information  they  may  have  in  their  possession. Individuals are required to make sure such material or information is given the degree of protection that it requires. . Individuals must be made aware of the possibility of espionage and subversion attempts and the defensive steps that they must take against such attempts. . Personnel must not discuss classified informa- tion on the telephone. ON-THE-JOB  TRAINING Supervisors must make sure subordinates know the security requirements. Supervision of the on-the-job training process is critical. Leaving subordinates to learn by trial and error is costly to security, and so is assuming they know how classified information is to be protected. Compromise reports often reveal that fault lies with the supervisor who negligently or incorrectly assumed that subordinates knew what they were supposed to do. Examples  include  sending  people  on  burn  (destruction) detail  without  instructing  them  on  proper  destruction methods;  assigning  people  to  mail  rooms  without training  them  in  preparation  and  transmission  of classified  material;  or  designating  Top  Secret  control officers without reviewing control requirements. REFRESHER BRIEFINGS Once  a  year,  all  personnel  who  have  access  to classified information must receive a refresher briefing or   equivalent   training   by   supervisory   personnel designed to enhance security awareness. The annual refresher  briefing  or  equivalent  training  may  be addressed  to  the  entire  command  on  general  security matters, changes in policies, or procedures. It is unlikely that it will be possible to schedule everyone in the command at the same time. The refresher briefing will probably be more effective if it is tailored for a particular group. For example, brief those who are most likely to travel on command business. For clerical personnel, concentrate  on  the  preparation  of  classified  material. People who draft classified documents should be briefed on procedures for classifying and marking material. COUNTERESPIONAGE  BRIEFINGS Once  every  2  years,  personnel  who  have  access  to material classified Secret or above must be given a counterespionage briefing by a Naval Investigative Service   (NIS)   agent.   The   security   manager   is responsible  for  arranging  for  the  briefing  with  the  local NIS  office.  A  list  of  NIS  components  are  listed  in OPNAVINST  5510.1H  appendixes. SPECIAL BRIEFINGS A special briefing covers a specific topic or problem and is given to a designated group. This type of briefing is  often  longer  and  more  detailed  than  most  other briefings.  Special  briefings  are  used  to  acquaint personnel  with  particular  enemy  capability.  Some examples of such briefings are as follows: Foreign  travel  briefing NATO  briefings Single-integrated operational plan extremely sensitive  information  (SIOP-ESI) Sensitive compartmented information (SCI) Foreign Travel Briefings Sometimes  individuals  are  required  to  travel through certain foreign countries or when represen- tatives  of  certain  foreign  countries  are  expected  to participate in a meeting, the commanding officer must make  sure  the  individual  who  is  going  to  travel undergoes   a   defensive   foreign   travel   briefing. Individuals who frequently travel (more than once a month) or attend meetings or host meetings for foreign visitors need not be briefed at each occasion. However, such individuals must be provided a thorough briefing at least once every 6 months and a general reminder of security  responsibilities  before  each  such  activity. Individuals intending cruises on Soviet ships, which have  recently  become  available,  also  require  this precautionary  briefing.  In  the  interest  of  national security,  and  when  deemed  appropriate  by  the commanding  officer,  dependents  may  also  be  provided with the same briefing. It should place special emphasis on  the  various  areas  of  interest  to  hostile  intelligence services, the techniques used by these services, and on the nature of conduct or activity that could place a person  in  a  compromising  situation. When the individual returns, he or she must be debriefed  to  provide  the  opportunity  to  report  any 10-3